maxilliped

Anterior thoracic limb (one, two, or three) modified to act as mouth part, its body segment usually fused to cephalon [Moore and McCormick, 1969].

One of a pair of three sets of appendages lying immediately posterior to the maxilla [Hobbs, Hobbs, and Daniel 1977].

One of a pair of three thoracic appendiges, arising posterior to the primary mouthparts. The two anterior pairs are often modified for feeding, while the third pair (Fig.1) is often pediform, resembling the pereopods [Perez Farfante and Kensley, 1997].

One of pair of three sets of gnathal appendages lying immediately posterior to second pair of maxillae. (see Fig. 14) [Hobbs and Jass, 1988].

One of the pair of three sets of cephalothoracic appendages arising posterior to the primary mouth parts. The most prominent set, the third or outer maxillipeds, are, in the shrimps, slender elongate appendages resembling the pereiopods and, in the crabs, broadened and flattened structures that close to form a more or less complete operculum over the other mouth parts [Chace and Hobbs, 1969].

One of three paired appendages posterior to the maxillae; most prominent pair, the third or outer maxillipeds elongate in shrimps, resembling pereiopods; in penaeidean shrimps, second maxillipeds also prominent [Butler, T.H.].

One of three pairs of complex thoracic mouthparts; maxilliped 1 is membraneous like the maxilla, maxilliped 2 a little more robust, and maxilliped 3 is much larger and may be more or less opercular over the other mouthparts in crabs or pereopod-like in shrimps and prawns [Poore, 2004].

Paired appendage on the posterior and ventral edge of the cephalon. Actually it is the first thoracic appendage, but its body somite is fused into the cephalon, and it is modified for feeding. It consists of the following functional parts: coxa, basis bearing a flattened and setose endite, palp with five segments (ischium, merus, carpus, propodus, dactylus), and epipod attached laterally to the coxa [Wilson, 1989].

The second pair of maxillae of euphausiids are often referred to as maxillipeds. They are thoracic in origin and there may be 1-3 pairs, depending on the type of crustacean. They handle the food [Mauchline, 1984].

(Order Cumacea):

One of first three pairs of thoracopods serving as mouthparts and belonging to three thoracic somites fused to head. Basically consists of basal section (coxa, basis) bearing five-segmented palp (endopod: ischium, merus, carpus, propodus, dactylus) as well as an exopod. (See also epipod, retinaculum). (Syn. maxillipede) [Stachowitsch, 1992].

(Order Tanaidacea):

Fourth and largest pair of mouthparts. Represents modified pair of appendages (thoracopods) of first thoracic segment (which is fused to head). Basically consists of proximal section (coxa, basis) bearing segmented palp. Coxa bears well-developed epipod; basis bears endite. Variously fused to one another basally. (Syn. maxillipede) [Stachowitsch, 1992].

(Order Decapoda):

One of three pairs of mouthparts posterior to maxillae on underside of head. Maxillipeds represent highly modified and anteriorly displaced first three pairs of thoracic appendages (thoracopods); basically consist of protopod (bearing endite and epipodite), endopod, and exopod. Posterior pair(s) increasingly resemble fourth through eighth thoracopods (pereopods) and may bear gills (podobranchs). (Syn. maxillipede) See: crista dentata [Stachowitsch, 1992].

(Order Amphipoda):

Fourth and largest pair of mouthparts. Represents highly modified pair of appendages (thoracopods) of first thoracic segment (which is fused to head). Basically consists of basal section (coxa, basis) bearing a five-segmented (ischium, merus, carpus, propodus, dactylus) palp. Basis and ischium typically with endites. Maxilliped pair variously fused, (with/without palp; maxilliped pair: with fused coxae, with fused coxae and endites, reduced to single unpaired plate). (Syn. maxillipede) [Stachowitsch, 1992].

(Order Isopoda):

First paired appendage of the thorax; usually incorporated into the mouthparts [Kensley and Schotte, 1989].

(Order Isopoda):

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^{Schematic representation of an isopod illustrating morphological terms. [Kensley and Schotte, 1989]}

Fourth and largest pair of mouthparts. Represents highly modified pair of appendages (thoracopods) of first thoracic segment (which is fused to head). Basically consists of basal section (coxa, basis) bearing five-segmented (ischium, merus, carpus, propodus, dactylus) palp. Segments may bear variously developed endites. Maxillipeds may be coupled to one another by retinacula. (Syn. maxillipede) [Stachowitsch, 1992].

(Order Isopoda):

Modified first pair of thoracopods, functioning as mouthparts. (Pl. maxillipeds) [Wetzer et al. 1997].

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^{Nomenclature of isopod cephalon (A). Examples of isopod mouth appendages: Idoteidae (B, C, F, H); Cirolanidae (D, E, G, I). [Wetzer et al. 1997]}

(Order Mysida):

Two pairs (rarely one, three, or four) of mouthparts posterior to maxillae. Represents modified endopod of thoracopod. (Syn. maxillipede) [Stachowitsch, 1992].

(Order Stomatopoda):

Term occasionally applied to first five appendages (thoracopods) of thorax. (Syn. maxillipede) [Stachowitsch, 1992].

(Subclass Branchiura):

Maxilla [Stachowitsch, 1992].

(Subclass Cirripedia):

One of up to three anterior pairs of thoracic appendages (cirri) modified as mouthparts. First maxillipeds of acrothoracican may also be termed mouth cirri. (Syn. maxillipede) [Stachowitsch, 1992].

(Subclass Copepoda):

The first pair of thoracic appendages located on the last somite of cephalosome [Boxshall and Halsey, 2004].

(Subclass Copepoda):

The paired limb of the first thoracic somite of copepods [Ferrari and Dahms, in press].

(Subclass Mystacocarida):

Sixth paired appendage of body. Typically biramous, consisting of protopod (with endites) bearing three-segmented endopod and one-segmented exopod. Serves in feeding. (biramous, unirmous; with exopod, without exopod). (Syn. maxillipede) [Stachowitsch, 1992].

(Class Ostracoda):

Fourth and generally largest paired mouthpart on underside of head. Uniramous, located posterior to and often closely adjoining maxillae. Represents modified appendage (thoracopod) of first thoracic somite (thoracomere); second thoracopod may also be modified as maxilliped. (lamellate, prehensile, raptorial, setose, subchelate). (Syn. maxillipede) [Stachowitsch, 1992].

(Class Remipedia):

Paired appendage posterior to maxillae on underside of head (cephalon). Uniramous, consisting of seven or eight segments, and with main point of flexure between third and fourth segments. First one to three segments with endites, last with terminal claw, all with setae along inner margin. (prehensile, subchelate). (Syn. maxillipede) [Stachowitsch, 1992].

(Superorder Syncarida):

In anaspidacean and stygocaridacean, pair of mouthparts posterior to maxillae. Represents modified first pair of thoracopods. (Syn. maxillipede) [Stachowitsch, 1992].

(Order Thermosbaenacea):

Fourth and largest pair of mouthparts. Represents modified pair of appendages (thoracopods) of first thoracic segment (which is fused to cephalon). If fully developed, consists of protopod bearing two endites and an epipod as well as distal endopod and exopod. (Sexually dimorphic, not sexually dimorphic). (Syn. maxillipede) [Stachowitsch, 1992].